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Tier IV emissions diesel locomotive standards were phased in in 2015.</div>
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<span><a id="LPlnk317307" href="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P100OA09.pdf">https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P100OA09.pdf</a></span></div>
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<span>The EMD four cycle engines have had some issues with reliability but are used in new US locomotives. The 2 stroke engines do not meet the Tier 4 standards for diesel emissions.</span></div>
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<span><a id="LPlnk189863" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMD_1010">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMD_1010</a><br>
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<a id="LPUrlAnchor842754" style="color: var(--themePrimary); text-decoration: none;" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMD_1010" target="_blank">EMD 1010 - Wikipedia</a></div>
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The EMD 1010 or EMD 265 is a line of four-stroke diesel engines manufactured by Electro-Motive Diesel.The precursor to the 1010 was introduced around 1998 as the 265H or H-Engine.The H-engine was initially designed for use as a 6,300 hp (4,700 kW) 16 cylinder,
the EMD SD90MAC; however, the early engines were found to be unreliable, and unsuccessful in the market, with the proven EMD 710 2 ...</div>
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en.wikipedia.org</div>
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<span>Norfolk Southern is rebuilding DC locomotives as AC locomotives and reusing the original two stroke engines as a work-around.</span></div>
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<span>The EMD 2 stroke engines, as mentioned by Thomas, can be sold new outside the US.</span></div>
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<span>I can remember the good old days when the Nickle Plate ran Berkshires down the tracks at 80 MPH. That would get a young person's attention. Steam locomotive drivers (the big wheels driven by the cylinder) were not balanced due to the connecting rods.
They pounded the ground for a distance around the passing locomotive.</span></div>
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<span>I can remember seeing an 80 MPH hobo riding in a gondola who appeared to be levitating a couple of feet up in the air.</span></div>
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